La produzione di spazi (pubblici) nell’Albania Socialista rurale: due casi studio nella Drino Valley
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14633/AHR397Keywords:
Albania socialista, spazi pubblici, cooperative agricole e aziende agricole statali, pianificazione urbana e architettura socialista, paesaggio rurale del NovecentoAbstract
In Albania, il socialismo si radicò dopo la fine della Seconda Guerra Mondiale, traendo spunto dai principi Marxisti-Leninisti sui quali costruire la nuova moderna società albanese. In quest’ottica, l’Albania socialista tendeva a dare priorità al futuro, seppur glorificando al contempo le radici del popolo albanese, promuovendo l’immagine di un paese moderno che, nell’intento di costruire il socialismo, aveva abbracciato gli sforzi e le sfide di un eroico progresso con l’obiettivo di trasformare profondamente la propria società e il proprio territorio. In questo contesto, accanto ai complessi cambiamenti politici, socioculturali e economici, il ruolo delle aree rurali nel dibattito politico albanese dell’epoca fu rivalutato positivamente, attribuendo ad esse un ruolo centrale nella propaganda ideologica del regime socialista. Il villaggio albanese, concepito come unità, e le comunità rurali subirono profondi cambiamenti in seguito all’introduzione degli innovativi mezzi di produzione economica socialista. Nuovi insediamenti rurali socialisti furono fondati e costruiti accanto a villaggi rurali esistenti, e raggruppati secondo le due principali forme economiche dettate dal regime comunista: le cooperative agricole e le aziende agricole statali. Questo contributo pone l’attenzione sulla progettazione e sul ruolo dell’organizzazione del qendra e fshatit, ovvero il centro del villaggio socialista inteso come spazio pubblico e come parte fondamentale del villaggio o del nuovo insediamento rurale, nel materializzare la svolta socialista nel processo di modernizzazione delle aree rurali albanesi.
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The Production of (Public) Space in Rural Socialist Albania: Two Case Studies in the Drino Valley
The construction of socialism took root in Albania after the end of the Second World War drawing from the Marxist-Leninist principles on which building the new modern Albanian society. Socialist Albania tended to prioritize the future while glorifying the roots of the Albanian people, by promoting images of the country that had embraced heroic progress to deeply transform its society and territory. In this context, alongside the complex political, social and economic changes, the role of the countryside in the Albanian political debate of the time was importantly evaluated and pivotal in the socialist regime propaganda. In this sense, the Albanian village, conceived as a unity, and the rural communities, underwent profound changes depending on the innovative socialist economic means of production. New socialist rural settlements were established along existing ones and grouped according to the two main economic forms dictated by the regime: the agricultural cooperatives and the agricultural state farms. Within this context, this article proposes a focus on the design and planning of, and the role played by the qendra e fshatit, i.e., the village centre intended both as a public space and as a fundamental part of the village or the new rural settlement, in materialising the socialist turn in the modernisation process of the Albanian rural areas.
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