Fragile Areas in Lombardy Among Abandonment, Underutilization and Transformation of Built Heritage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14633/AHR238Keywords:
Lombardy, Inner Areas, depopulation, transformation, built heritage.Abstract
Although Lombardy is one of the most economically dynamic regions of Europe, it also presents areas characterized by territorial periphery, hence included in the boundary of the so-called Inner Areas. The paper presented intends to analyse the effects that demographic and socio-economic dynamics have had on the settlement structures and on buildings of these territories, linked to the ongoing phenomena. After a first bibliographic overview on the historical precedents of the Inner Areas, the research focuses on three case studies, different in location, history and culture of the settlements: Alto Oltrepò pavese, Alta Val Brembana and Alto Lario Occidentale. The field research phase shows that the effects of the demographic decrease may not coincide with the total abandonment of the building. In the territory of the Oltrepò Pavese and that of the Orobie Alps the new dynamics of ownership and use, used for tourism, have induced phenomena of partial use and under-use of the buildings. The houses often appear renovated: research in the municipality archives, in fact, has confirmed that the traditional construction has been profoundly changed by modernization interventions over the last forty years. In the area of Alto Lario Occidentale, on the contrary, the weak building dynamics allowed to observe fewer transformations, sometimes invasive, but also phenomena of abandonment, degradation and collapse.
Territori fragili in Lombardia tra abbandono, sottoutilizzo e trasformazioni del patrimonio costruito
Pur essendo tra le Regioni economicamente più dinamiche d’Europa, anche in Lombardia sono state individuate zone caratterizzate da perifericità territoriale, comprese per questo nel perimetro delle cosiddette Aree Interne. Il contributo presentato intende analizzare gli effetti che le dinamiche demografiche e socio-economiche hanno avuto sugli assetti insediativi e sul costruito di questi territori, in relazione ai fenomeni in atto. Dopo un primo inquadramento bibliografico che ricostruisce i precedenti storici delle Aree Interne nel XX secolo, lo scritto si concentra su tre casi studio, diversi per ubicazione, storia e cultura degli insediamenti: l’alto Oltrepò pavese, l’alta val Brembana e l’alto Lario occidentale. In questi territori la fase di ricerca sul campo ha mostrato come gli effetti del decremento demografico possano non coincidere con l’abbandono totale degli edifici. Nella zona appenninica dell’Oltrepò e nell’area delle Alpi Orobie le nuove dinamiche di proprietà e di uso, soprattutto con finalità turistiche, hanno indotto fenomeni di sotto-utilizzo del costruito, di contro al fatto che molte abitazioni appaiano, invece, ‘rinnovate’: lo spoglio delle pratiche edilizie negli archivi comunali ha, infatti, confermato come gli edifici della tradizione siano stati profondamente trasformati dagli interventi degli ultimi quarant’anni. Nell’area dell’Alto Lario Occidentale, al contrario, la debole dinamica edilizia ha permesso di osservare meno trasformazioni, non per questo non invasive, insieme a fenomeni di abbandono, degrado e crolli.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Benedetta Silva; Carolina Di Biase; Mariacristina Giambruno

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