“Ironopolis” and the Western Landscape of Naples
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14633/AHR235Keywords:
western landscape of Naples, Bagnoli, expanding neighbohoods, Industrial architecture.Abstract
A landscape made of ruins, crumbling and disappearing, but quietly, very quietly, like a slow but irremediable agony, is the place narrated in La dismissione (REA 2002) by Vincenzo Buonocore, the laborer who had worked all his life at the “Ilva” factory of Bagnoli and was now supervising its dismantling. The closure of the steel plant coincides with the disappearance of a particular idea of the city and with the loss of a social and productive reality now entrusted to hamstrung fragments of machinery which, in the bitterly ironic words of Vincenzo, «will stay where they are, a witness for future reference (as the blast furnace and the steel mill) entitled “industrial archaeology”: once upon a time there was a factory here, actually THE FACTORY» (REA 2002).
Relying on the documentation of the Italsider Archive of Bagnoli, our contribution is centered on two dramatic transformations of the western landscape of Naples: the former linked with the building of the Ilva factory at Bagnoli in 1910 and the latter, equally sudden, to its closure in 1996 which has brought about an urban and social abandonment that lingers unsolved, since the urban redevelopment planned by the Town Council has never been completed.
Following the dismantling, that tangle of old machines and smoking buildings innervated on the ground and reaching towards the sea progressively dwindling into a mass of disemboweled machines appearing as silent, isolated and gigantic sculptures of iron, rust, and concrete, with the blast furnace stripped of its casing, the steel mill empty and fragments of equipment that are still there, but only as pieces of a by now inane landscape.
“Ferropoli” e il paesaggio occidentale di Napoli
Un paesaggio di rovine che si sgretola e scompare, ma piano, pianissimo, come una lenta, ma irreversibile agonia, è il luogo raccontato, ne La dismissione di Ermanno Rea (2002), da Vincenzo Buonocore, l’operaio aveva lavorato tutta la vita all’Ilva di Bagnoli e ora ne sovrintendeva lo smantellamento. La chiusura del complesso siderurgico coincide con la scomparsa di un’idea di città e con la perdita di una realtà sociale e produttiva la cui memoria è oggi affidata a monchi frammenti di macchine che, ancora nelle parole amaramente ironiche di Vincenzo, «resteranno là dove sono, testimonianza a futura memoria (come l’altoforno e l’acciaieria) con il titolo di “archeologia industriale”: qui c’era una volta una fabbrica, anzi, LA FABBRICA…» (Rea 2002).
Registrando la documentazione presso l’Archivio Italsider di Bagnoli, il contributo è incentrato su due drastiche trasformazioni del paesaggio occidentale di Napoli, quella legata alla costruzione dell’Ilva di Bagnoli nel 1910 e l’altra, ugualmente violenta, della sua dismissione nel 1996, causa di un abbandono urbano e sociale tuttora irrisolto. In questa dimensione, alternando fasti produttivi e dure crisi economiche, l’impianto metallurgico cessava drasticamente ogni attività nel 1996, quando il Consiglio Comunale approvava la variante al PRG programmando la bonifica dell’ex area industriale nell’ambito di un progetto di riqualificazione urbana, mai compiutamente attuato. In seguito alla dismissione quel groviglio di macchine ed edifici fumanti innervato sulla terra e proteso verso il mare, veniva gradualmente a ridursi a un insieme di macchine sventrate che appaiono come silenziose, isolate e gigantesche sculture di ferro, ruggine e cemento, con l’Altoforno spogliato del suo involucro, l’Acciaieria svuotata e frammenti di impianti conservati, ma ormai muti frammenti di un paesaggio ormai vacuo.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Salvatore Di Liello

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