Small Rural Towns in Sicily from an Utopian Project to the Abandonment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14633/AHR234Keywords:
Sicily, landscape, small towns, fascism, agrarian reformAbstract
In 1939, Sicily played a main role in the ‘assault of the latifundium’, a propagandistic and political program sanctioned under the law of the «Colonizzazione del latifondo siciliano». This established measures aimed at the creation of a new agricultural system and founding of small towns and farmhouses annexed to the system for dividing up parcels of farmland. Thus began the profound transformation of the landscape, many until then arid and boundless, into the new Sicilian “landscapes”.
From the 1920s to the 1950s, about seventy “new towns” (villages and small towns) were designed and partly built throughout the island. Rural small towns, both in the fascist era and in the agrarian reform were adopted as the instrument through which to implement changes favouring the expansion of agriculture, forever changing the morphology of the territory and the structure of Sicilian rural society.
Recognition of the historical-architectural value of small towns nearly always corresponds to a state of neglect and degradation, dictated by the repercussions of war, hydrogeological disruptions, new economic models and the gradual migration of the population to the cities. These effects have progressively “transfigured” rural towns (and farmhouses) into a system of ruins, architectures stripped of their function and the symbolism for which they were conceived.
The Sicilian landscape has «mutated» (once more), presenting today the characteristics of what we could define as contemporary archaeology. It is landscape that has suffered and perhaps continues to suffer, first the effects of the construction and then abandonment of the utopian project of rural towns
Il paesaggio della Sicilia «muta aspetto»: i borghi rurali dal progetto utopico all’abbandono
La Sicilia nel 1939 ricopriva il ruolo di protagonista nell’“assalto al latifondo”, programma propagandistico e politico sancito con la legge sulla “Colonizzazione del latifondo siciliano” che, stabiliva interventi mirati, contemporaneamente, alla creazione di un nuovo sistema agricolo e alla fondazione dei borghi rurali e delle case coloniche annesse al sistema di appoderamento. Inizia così la profonda trasformazione di quel paesaggio, fino adesso arido e sconfinato, in tanti e nuovi “paesaggi” siciliani.
Dagli anni Venti ai Cinquanta sono state progettate e in parte realizzate circa settanta “città nuove” (villaggi e borghi) dislocate in tutto il territorio isolano. Il borgo rurale, sia nel fascismo sia nella riforma agraria, è assunto come lo strumento attraverso il quale attuare quegli interventi per favorire l’estensione agricola, mutando inesorabilmente la morfologia del territorio e dell’assetto della società rurale.
Al riconoscimento del valore storico-architettonico dei borghi corrisponde, tranne che per pochi casi, uno stato di abbandono e di degrado, dettato dalle ripercussioni degli eventi bellici, dai dissesti idrogeologici, dai nuovi modelli economici e dalla graduale migrazione della popolazione verso le città. Effetti che hanno “trasfigurato” progressivamente i borghi (e le case coloniche) in un sistema di rovine: architetture spogliate della loro funzione e dal simbolismo per le quali erano state concepite.
Il paesaggio siciliano «muta» (un’altra volta), presentando oggi i caratteri di quella che potremmo definire un’archeologia contemporanea. Un paesaggio che ha subito e forse continua a subire gli effetti della realizzazione e dell’abbandono dell’utopico progetto dei borghi rurali.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Rossana Caniglia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
ArchIstoR is published on the web in open access.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
_2.jpg)







2.jpg)











