Territories of Abandonment: Landscape, Ruins, and Memory from a Sociological Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14633/AHR410Keywords:
Territories, Abandonment, Sociology, Lanscape, Ruins, MemoryAbstract
Il saggio analizza il processo di spopolamento di due aree interne della Calabria causato dagli effetti di un disastro naturale e le modalità che hanno caratterizzato la ricostruzione dei centri abbandonati in altro sito. Inoltre, si indagano anche i complessi legami socio-identitari che si mantengono e modificano fra popolazioni e vecchi luoghi, secondo le dinamiche di ricostruzione memoriale a livello intergenerazionale. In particolare, i due casi studio selezionati riguardano i paesi di Canolo e Africo, entrambi raggiunti nel 1951 da un’alluvione. Questo evento produsse effetti disastrosi su questi insediamenti, provocandone l’abbandono e la conseguente ricostruzione ex novo in altro sito. In realtà, l’abbandono fu solo parziale per Canolo, che si divise fra una parte della popolazione che volle rimanere nel vecchio sito e un’altra parte che fu costretta a ricollocarsi più a monte, abitando nuove case e riorganizzando la vita sociale e domestica. Il trasferimento fu pressoché totale per Africo, la cui popolazione fu invece condotta in una porzione di territorio lungo la costa in netta discontinuità con la tipologia di ambiente e condizione di vita fino a quel momento sperimentate. Oggi i vecchi centri abbandonati sono oggetto di differenti interessi ad opera sia della popolazione che si è spostata nei nuovi insediamenti, sia di altri attori sociali che vi si accostano sotto varie forme e con diverse finalità. Da queste relazioni e tensioni fra interessi del presente e ricostruzione del passato si generano rappresentazioni memoriali plurime, che sono analizzate alla luce della categoria dei “paesaggi della memoria”.
Territories of abandonment - i.e., uninhabited towns and villages reduced to ruins - are always linked to the history of a group, or rather, the procedural history of a community of inhabitants. These are histories that push or force such communities to leave their settlements for various reasons and at different rates of depopulation. Some of these reasons have a historical character, since, for example, they are linked to invasions or wars; others have a political character (persecutions, political opposition, etc.); still others are of a calamitous nature (earthquakes, floods, etc.), suddenly and unexpectedly bursting into collective life; in other cases, very long-term processes take place, which produce geographic and economic isolation so significant as to make associated life particularly difficult in some localities. Here, we will draw attention to findings relating to depopulation phenomena caused by natural events - specifically, the destruction following flooding - which preceded the depopulation processes of mountain areas in Italy. In particular, the two case studies analysed here are located in Calabria. These are the towns of Canolo and Africo, both in the province of Reggio Calabria, both of which were hit by a flood in 1951, which had a disastrous effect on these mountain settlements, causing their abandonment, partial for Canolo and almost total for Africo, with the consequent reconstruction ex novo on another site. Today, these centres are the object of various kinds of interest, both among the population that moved to the new settlements that arose after the flood, and by successive generations of their children, but also among other social actors, who approach them in various forms and with different aims.
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